Wednesday, December 05, 2007

O mundo impossível e infinito de Escher-Maurits Cornelis Escher ou M. C. Escher (Leeuwarden, 17 de Junho de 1898 - Hilversum, 27 de Março de 1972









































Os mundos impossíveis de Escher são de outra espécie. Escher mostranos como uma coisa pode ser simultaneamente côncava e convexa; que as suas figuras podem andar no mesmo momento e no mesmo lugar, tanto escadas acima como escadas abaixo. Ele torna-nos claro que uma coisa pode estar ao mesmo tempo tanto dentro como fora, ou quando ele usa escalas diferentes num desenho, existe uma lógica de composição que faz desta coexistência a coisa mais natural do mundo. Escher não é nenhum surrealista que, como por encanto, nos apresenta uma miragem. Ele é um construtor de mundos impossíveis. Ele constrói o impossível rigorosamente segundo as leis e de tal forma, que qualquer um pode compreender; e nas suas gravuras não mostra só o resultado final, mas também o sistema de construção.



[...não podemos imaginar que algures por detrás da estrela mais longínqua do céu noturno, o espaço possa ter um fim, um limite para além do qual nada mais existe. O conceito de vácuo diz-nos ainda alguma coisa, pois um espaço pode estar vazio (...), mas a nossa força de imaginação é incapaz de apreender o conceito de nada no sentido de ausência de espaço...]Escher 1978




Com que mão é que Escher segura a esfera refletora??




Um desenho visto em livros de psicologia inversa, álbuns e vários outros textos. "Uma Mão Com a Esfera Refletora" é outro dos trabalhos de Escher muito reconhecidos. Um globo reflector está na mão do artista. Neste espelho ele pode ter uma visão muito mais completa do ambiente onde está, através da observação directa - quatro paredes, o chão e teto do seu quarto - está comprimido, embora torcido, dentro deste pequeno disco. A sua cabeça, ou para ser mais preciso, o ponto entre os olhos dele, entra no centro absoluto. O ego é o caroço inabalável do seu mundo .









Escher oferece, com os jogos de perspectiva, um meio de visualização da relatividade que se contrapõe ao absoluto. Conceitos do cotidiano como em cima e em baixo, dentro e fora, são relativos e alterados; relações absolutamente novas a partir de elementos habituais apresentam mundos, ao mesmo tempo, estranhos e possíveis.




[...pode imaginar que mais de um mês inteiro seguido refleti sobre este desenho, pois nenhuma das minhas tentativas eram suficientemente claras. A condição prévia para um bom desenho (...) é que não falte uma relação sólida e simples com a realidade. Mal pode imaginar como o grande público é intelectualmente indiferente. Eu quero provocar-lhes um choque; se exagero, então não dá bom resultado...]

(cit. in Ernst, 1978, p.82).





"Escher liga aqui três tribares, constituídos pelo canal da água e pelos pilares que o sustentam. De certa forma, está aqui representado também o “infinito”, através do movimento da água que parece estar continuamente a descer ao longo de um canal cujo termo coincide com o ponto mais alto e, consequentemente, com o início de uma nova descida. O que, para todos os efeitos, é impossível."






Escher nos faz ver o impossível que habita o possível. Não tem mais a ver com a representação fiel da realidade como uma unidade coerente, mas sim com ilusão óptica, com percepção de realidades múltiplas e simultâneas. Segundo Bruno Ernst (1991, p. 66):




As imagens de Escher nos causam uma sensação de magia através de combinações não pensadas entre elementos habituais. Coisas, situações completamente impossíveis são retratadas com relatividade, lógica e clareza, de tal modo que nos causam desacomodação e desconforto: o que é real ou não.

Fonte:Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-Departamento de Ciências
Fragmento do trabalho de Andréia Machado Oliveira. Artista plástica e professora de História da Arte. Formação em Bacharelado e Licenciatura em Artes Visuais/UFRGS. Mestre em Psicologia Social e Institucional/UFRGS. Doutoranda em Informática da Educação/UFRGS. Pesquisadora dos Grupos de Pesquisa "Modos de Trabalhar, Modos de Subjetivar" e "NESTA - Núcleo de Estudo sobre Subjetivação, Tecnologia e Arte"/UFRGS. Endereço para correspondência: Otto Niemeyer, 2417/115. Bairro Camaquã/POA/RS/BR. CEP: 91910-001. andreiao@cpovo.net
Tania Mara Galli Fonseca. Profa. Dra. Orientadora do Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Social e Institucional e do Programa de Pós-graduação em Informática na Educação/UFRGS.

91 comments:

  1. M. Escher com suas gravuras em branco & preto em sua arte matemática perfeita e ao mesmo tempo delirante, nos remete ao mundo dos sonhos onde até o improvável é possível. Não sei se é coincidência, mas a primeira figura da esfera refletora lembra muito o personagem Saruman de O Senhor dos Anéis, interpretado pelo eterno Drácula, Christopher Lee?!?

    Ítalo

    Ítalo

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  2. Muito bacana esse seu outro blog também.
    Obrigado por ter me mostrado.
    Vou linká-lo aos meus também.
    Me diz uma coisa: o que exatamente você faz?
    Beijo!

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  3. O seu artigo despertou a minha curiosidade e fui informar-me mais sobre Escher. Só assim fiquei a saber entre outras coisas que esteve aqui perto pois, visitou a nossa vizinha Espanha.
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